Furnace construction



Aug. 9, 1932. R. n. FQLTZ FURNACE CONSTRUCTION Filed Sept. 5, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 ug. 9, 1932. R. D. FOLTZ mgm FURNACE CONSTRUCTION Filed Sept. 5, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 i Patented ug. 9,-191-52 e .e i I muscu coNsrnUcrioN' e appunti@ mea .september 3,' isti. serial in. 560,956.

This invention relates to furnace conwall'constructio l particularly adapted to be struction, and pertains particularly to the assembled in close association with, furnace construction o" furnace walls having porparts such as heat exchan e tubes, yet which tions built up of firebrick or refractory tiles maybe entirely independent thereof struc- 5 arranged to form `portions of the' heat-re y`t1 1ra1ly,' and which can be entirely assembled '55 sistant closure of the furnace. and disassembled, or repaired or replaced in- 'The )gresent improvements find particular part, entirely from the outsideiA of the .fur-

Y applica il ity in furnace constructions, or nace and without interference with or fromportions of furnaces, wherein the wall is the associated tubes or'boiler parts. m not subjected to extremely high 'l'.enipera-- Yet another object is the provision of such do tures, and wherein it is desirable thatthe wall a wall construction wherein the refractories be particularly effective in preventing transare effectively safeguarded against iniiuirssionof heat through it. i v ences which are productive of spalling. In various types of boiler furnaces, tube A particular object is the provision of an 1I stills, and the like, it is desirable to have a insulated" thin refractory wall structure in 65 large area of heat exchange surface afforded' which the 'component' elements, the refrac-y by tubes arranged in rather close association tories"particula rly,` are denitely `retained in with the encasing or gas-coninin wall porposition, yet'susceptible of removal with fa tions of the furnace, said tubes ing con-.,ci1ity, when desired. 20 nected in the boiler system and being sup- Yet another Objectis the provision of su? 70 plied with water or other heat-absorbing a WallA structure which may be made tig i fluid, and being also disposed in intimate against airvor gas leakage. association with the combustion zone of the 'Another object is the provision of a wall furnace. Mercury boilers of recently develstructure wherein ,om 'aratively thinv reiv 25 oped types represent another example of s uch fractories are Asuppoiizedp `such fashion as 75 A urnace arrangements. i.` to form a tightwall and are `effectively re- Due to the close association of these heattained in position without being subjected to absorbing tubes with the `furnace wallpor-f disadvantageous weight or pressure, tions, the latter are not subJected to exeesf-Othepwand further objects will be pointed lo sively high temperatures, and this makes vit me 0;- indited' hereinaftrj' ap. 80

possibleto effect heat savings by effectively parent; t()y one yskilled in 't' art lf'pon anv insulating the walls eirternally.- In such understanding [of the inve n @frits mi. cases the refractory portion of the wallmay ,plgymenf ill-"use, ,if l be comparatively thin (2l/2 to 41,4, inches For aid in eXplana-tion''of the invention 'I v as Cvmpaedwlth refractory. th-lklessfs vshowin the accompanying drawings furmhg s* requisite or urnace constructions w erein --'f I the wall refractories are subjected tol-quite a part of this 'Sp-eclcatl'on 'cera'm mms in highftemp'eraturs and rapid slagging,

In order to avail of these POSSibilities as bodied but ltwlsf'fto understood that these which the'inventio'nmaybe structurally eil 0 to thinness of refractories and wall insulaar presentedfmerelyf'by wapo-f iustmtion 90'k f v tion, however, it is necessary that the'refrac- 'ind are not beffcgrded my mterprin' I tories be safeguarded .from otherdefstructive non calculated )to limit theappndedglmfns" influences to which they are subjected and Short of thefrue mimost, "OmPm-hnsw"l which are cntributive to failures of the typ@ ,Score ef the levanten 111 the are as) I recogu 45 usually referred to as spalling. I. mz@ 'that the lm'elllwf my be @mbfqled' m 95' A general object of the vpresent,'invention Othefform' dellPg 111 Yanlls ,Partlculal's is the pmvision of a fumamli construe from, the illustrative embodiments lharem tion particularly adapted to the use of thinillustrated and described. f l refractories and effective heat insulation. A In the drawings, y f 5 Another object is the provision of such a Fig. lfis a detail of furnace wall construe-J 1w tion in the nature of a part sectional elevation taken transversely of the wall;

Fig. 2 is in the nature of a part elevational view looking at the inner' or furnace chamber side of the wall;

A Fig. 3 is a partsectional elevational view `of a modified form;

Fig. 4 is a slmilar part lsectional elevational view of a second modified form;

Fig. 5 is a part sectional elevational view of a third modified form;

Fig. 6 is a part sectionalelevational view of a fourth modified form; and

Fig. 7 is a part elevational view, looking at the inner or furnace chamber side of a wall constructed as shown in Fig. 5.'

Describedgenerally, the invention contemplates a furnace ywall structure wherein an external metallic framework is employed to supportthelrefractories which form the heat,- resisting wallas well as the heat-insulating I, material'which may be employed, when desired, as anA external covering or lagging for the refractory-ies. The wall 'r'eractories are supported on, and in spaced re ationship to,

` this frame by supporting members which are qualified' to resist heat and which are adapted to support the'refractories individually or. independently one above another in the desired association, so as to accommodate their expansion under heating and prevent their falling into the furnace. The arangeinent 'of the frame and' supporting members and refractories is such that any of the latter may be removed and replaced from the outside of the furnace and without requiring the dismounting of tubes or' the like which may be more or less intimately kassociated withthe inner surfaces of the refractories. .h

' The invention will be most quickly understood in detail from the illustrative embodiments shown in the drawings and now'to be described.

In the construction illustrated in Figs.-1 and 2 4the reference numeral 10 designates one of a series of metallic frame members in the'na'ture of I-beams or the like, which .the like 12. The transverse members 11 are thus supported on the columns in generally horizontal position and spaced apart one l 'above another. They have upstanding flange portions and transverse ange portions, the former serving as parts for the retentive engagement of the hooks 14 of the tile engaging -members 15, and the horizontal flange portions serving as abutments for said tile engaging members. 'Ihe tile engaging members 15 are in the nature of small brackets of heat-resistant metal, such as cast iron, each having an inwardly extending arm. 15 terminating with an upwardly presented iiange or lug 15b and a downwardly presented flange or lug 15.` When hooked over the upstandingiiange. and abutted against the transverse iiange of one of the transverse members 11, the tile engaging members are maintained with their arms -15 in approximately horizontal position and with the terminal flanges 15b 'and 15 spaced a substantial distance from the transverse member. When so supported on the transverse member, the tile engaging members may be slid longitudinally on the latter. Y y

The tiles 16 are madeV of suitable refractory material, such as ire clay, and are of uniform size and form; 'lheir inner and outer faces preferably are parallel, and their upper and lower edges have the parallel faces 16*l and 16 which extend obliquely with respect to the inner face'. The face 16 terminates at an upstanding ledge or shoulder portion 16, which preferably extends the full width of 'the tile. -The'face 16b terminates at a groove or channel 16x which preferably extends the full'width of the tile and forms an offset or overhanging'ledge 16 at the outer portion of the lower edge of the, tile. l The height of the tile and the spacing of the transverse membersll are such that the vertical distance between the arms 15 of superjacent tile engagingl members will accommodate the tile dimension from the top of the ledge16 to the bottom of the ledge 16 with a clearance. Consequently, a tile may be inserted, between superjacent tile engaging members, lower edge iirst and from the outer side of the structure, and its ledge 16 brought to rest upon the lower'tile engaging member, and then the upper end of the tile may be rockedinwardly toward the furnace chamber until it comes. into abutment with the depending flange or lug 15 of the upper tile engaging member. Thus. the tile 1s maintained inthe position illustrated in Fig. 1, resting onthe lower tile engaging member and held Vby the upper tile engaging member against falling inwardly. The upstandingm,

lug or flange 15b of the lower tile engaging member seats in the groove whichis alon side the ledge 16, and maintains the ti e against sliding inwardly off of that tile engaging member. The weight of the tile tends to maintain it in the position described. In this position, the upper face of the upper ledge 16c is spaced some' distance below the inwardly extending arm of the upper tile engaging member, thus accommodating ther-4 mal expansion of the tile. In instances where l Y jacent tiles,

the tiles are 'suiiiciently narrow, a single one of the t1le engaging members may be employed for the support of each tile, and in cases in which the tlles are wide, two or more ob 'que faces of the tiles as they are placed inl thest-ructure.

I or the pu ose of further sealing the wall, it may bexdlesirable to apply to the outer faces of the tiles, bled in the structure, a thin coating of plastic heat insulating or refractory material, as indicated at 17. Then, outside of this may be a plied a layer of insulating material 18, of tllie desired thickness. The application of these exterior coverings may be made quite effectively, as each tile is definitely 'held against displacement into the furnace chamber, and hence can sustain the pressure necessary for the application of the external sheathing material which may be either of plastic nature or otherwise. l n

In the modified form of construction illustrated in Fig. 3, the parts correspond in general to those of the with the exception that the .tile engaging members do not have a depending flange for en agement with the upper portion of the sujacent tile. In this form the upper ledge of the lower tile abuts a rearward face of the superjacenttile, and thus the lower tile is held against swinging into the furnace cham- In the modified form illustrated in Fig. 4, the parts correspond in general to the parts above described, but the tileA grooves which receive the tile engaging members are spaced somewhat above their lower ends.

In the modified construction illustrated in Fig. 5, the transverse members 11 are; spaced away from the columns 10 by means of spacing members 19, `so that their lower flanges are in a position where they function as the supports for the tiles. To retain the tiles from sliding inwardly olf of the iianges, the latter are provided with upstanding marginal portions 11 adapted to seat in the undercut lower marginal groove of theA tiles. The tile engaging members 20 have upstan'd'- ing liange portions 20L and 20F adapteddjo engage opposite faces of the transverse members 11', and dependinglugs or flanges EZ-(lc adapted to engage in the upper marginal. and retain the' tile against toppling outwardly orinwardgroove of the subjacent tile ly. The tile engaging'inembers 20 are slid- 05 able alongthe transverse'members 11', and

after they have been assemv first form described,rbut

after the subjecent tile has been placed in proper, position, the engaging member or members 20 therefor areapplied to the transverse member 11 to one side of the tile, and then slidlaterally into the t0 groove of the tile, thus establishing the hol ing connection vbetween the transverse member and the upper end of the tile. The engaging member 20 thus rests on the top of the tile, and accommodates vertical expansion. of the tile by virtue of the fact that it Ycan slide upwardly on the transverse memberrII. 4When it is desired to remove the tile, `,theen'gaging member 20 is lslid laterally into the groove of the adjacent tile, which thus frees the upper end of the first mentionedtile and permits it to be withdrawn.

In the construction illustrated in Fig. 6, the, transverse members v11" are. likewise spaced from the column members 10 by spacers 19', and their yinwardly presented flanges form supportingrests for the lower mar ins of the tiles, butV they are not provide with the upstanding marginal ledges. The retaining members 20 however, have their flanges 20a of suflicient height to extend above the horizontal flange of the transverse member and to form a retaining lug to seat in the lower groove of the tile and thus retain the lower edge of the tile against slid, ing inwardly off .of the transverse member. In other particulars the yconstructioncorrespends to that illustrated in Fig. 5. In either instance the meeting top. and bottom faces of the tiles may be oblique to' the inner tile faces, as shown in Fi 6, or perpendicular thereto, as shown in ig. 5. v In the .various modified forms illustrated in Figs. 3 to 7 inclusive, the column members 10 and sheathing portions 17 and 18 may correspondl to similar parts as above described with reference to the embodiment shown in Fig. 1.

It willbe ascertained from theforegoing that the present invention affords a construction wherein an effectively tight refractory wall may be provided and the respective refractorles definitely retained inthe desired relationship in the structure without being dependent upon one another for support. It

will also be observed that the construction provides for the accommodation of the thermal expansion of the refractories in such fashion that injurious stresses, such as may contribute to spalling, are notjmposed upon them. ``TvlVhile the structure is exceedingly stable, even when quite thin refractories are used, it nevertheless permits the removal and replacement of any of the refractories entircly from the outsideof the 'structure and Without involving the whiclrit is desired to remove.

What I claim is: 1. A furnace wall structure comprising, in combination,

f l dismantling'of any portion-s of the structure other than those upright frame members spaced `tory tiles supportedby said transverse members one-above another and spaced apart from said upright members to form a furnace wall lining, said tiles having ledges at the outer portions of their-upper and lower edges, and tile engaging members shiftably ana chored onl said transverse members and en- "gaging the tile ledges to retain the tiles I, outer side' of the structure.

against displacement inwardly of the furnace v chamber, the spacing of said transverse mem- A `.bers affording room between them permitting removal and `insertion of the tiles from the 2. A furnace wall structure-comprising, in

` combination, upright frame members arranged in collaterally spaced relationship,

Y transverse members carried bylsaid 'upright members to one side thereof and spaced apart y one above another,.t1le engaging members anchoredv on said transverse members and ex-Y tending therefromtoward the inner side 'of thefwall, said .tile engaging members having lugs kat their-inner ends, refractory tiles supported bythe transverse members onev above' another to forma furnace wall lining spaced from `the upright frameA members, said tiles having grooves at their lower margins and said lugs being engaged with said grooves to y retain the lower portions of the tiles against displacement inwardly from the wall, said tiles having ledges on their upper margins for engagement with adjacent parts to retain the upper'portions of the tiles against displacement inwardly from the wall, the spacing yof said frame members and transverse members and the size of said tiles being such as to permit movement of' the latter to |and from assembled position between the transverse members. 1

3. A furnace wall structure comprising,`in combination, uprightframe membersY spaced apart collaterally, transverse members carried b v said lframe members to one side thereof, refractory tiles supported by the transverse members one above another to form a furnace wall. lining spaced from the upright combination, upright frame members spaced apart collaterally, transverse members c0nnectedv to adjacent yupright members and spaced apart one above another, tile engaging vmembers anchored on said transverse members and spaced apart fromone another longitudinally thereof and extendingtherefrom toward the innerside ofthe wall, said tileenlgag/ing members havingv offset portions at such as to ,permit withdrawal of the tiles outwardly from the wall.' y

5. A wall structure .as specified in claim 4 and wherein said tile engaging members are shiftable longitudinally of the transverse members into and out of engagement with the tile ledges.

6. Furnace wall structurey comprising, in-'A combination, upright frame members, trans-4 verse members connected to adjacent upright members at one side thereof and disposed one above another, refractory tiles arranged one above another andsupported by the transverse members to form a refractory wall lining spaced from 'the upright members, said tiles having grooves in their upper and lower4 margins, and tilev engaging members -an'- chored on the transverse members and shift- 'able longitudinally thereof and engaged in said grooves'to retain the tiles a ainst displacement inwardly from the wal said tile engaging members being disengageablefrom the tile grooves by movement longitudinally of the transverse members and the tiles thereupon bemg movable' outwardly from the wall between'the latter.

7. Furnacewall structure comprising, in combination, upright frame members, transverse members connected to adjacent upright members and disposed one above another at one side thereof, said ltransverse members having ledges'. extending toward rthe inner side of the wall,'refractory tiles supported on r said ledges one 'above another to form a furnace wall lining spaced from the `upright members, and tile engaging members anchored on said transverse members and shiftable lonffitudinally thereof, said tile engaging mem ers having engagement with marginal portions of the tiles to retain them against displacement inwardly from the wall.

8. Furnace wall structure comprising, in combination, upright frame members spaced apart collaterally,` transverse members connected to adjacent upright members atpone side of the latter and spaced apart one above another, 'refractory tiles arranged in courses one above another to form a furnace wal1 lin-v` ing spaced apart from the upright frame members, respective courses of said tiles be-- 1,810,791 g carried by respective transverse members,y tile engaging members anchored on the trans verse members and extending between the courses and engaging the tiles to retain them 5 against displacement inwardly from the wall, and heat-insulating material arranged as an external sheathing for the tiles between them and the upright frame members.

9. Furnace wall structure comprising, in combination, upright frame members ar-' ranged in collaterally spaced relationship, transverse members connected to adjacent up right members and disposed oney above anot er, tile engagin members anchored on l5 said transverse mem ers and extending therefrom toward the inner side of the wall, refractory tiles supported on said tile enga ing s members one above another to form a re actor wall lining spaced apart from said uprig t members and said transverse members, said tile engaging members terminating short of the inner side of said lining and having engagement with the tiles to retain them against displacement inwardly from the wall, and heat-insulating material applied to the outer faces of said tiles to form a sheathing between them and said upright and transverse members.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto suban scribed my name.

RAYMOND n. FoLTz. 

